![]() ![]() The Po marks the southern border of the region for about 210 km (130 mi) its major tributaries are the Ticino, which rises in the Bedretto Valley in Switzerland and joins the Po near Pavia, the Olona, the Lambro, the Adda, the Oglio and the Mincio. The Adda, the longest river within the region and tributary of the Po ( October 2022) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) ![]() ![]() Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Inconsistent with the three distinctions above is the small sub-region of Oltrepò Pavese, which is formed by the Apennine foothills beyond the Po. The plains of Lombardy, which are formed by alluvial deposits, can be divided into the Alta-an upper, permeable ground zone in the north-and the Bassa, a lower zone dotted by the line of fontanili, spring waters rising from impermeable ground. It is followed by the Alpine foothills zone Prealpi, the main peaks of which are the Grigna Group (2,410 m (7,910 ft)), Resegone 1,875 m (6,152 ft), and Presolana (2,521 m (8,271 ft)). The most important mountainous area is the Alpine zone, which includes the Lepontine and Rhaetian Alps- Piz Bernina (4,020 m (13,190 ft)), the Bergamo Alps, the Ortler Alps and the Adamello massif. The orography of Lombardy is characterised by three distinct belts a northern mountainous belt constituted by the Alpine relief, a central piedmont area of mostly alluvial pebbly soils, and the Lombard section of the Padan Plain in the south of the region. Soils Pizzo Coca is the highest peak in the Bergamasque Alps (3,050 m (10,010 ft)) Lombardy has three natural zones mountains, hills and plains-the last being divided into Alta (high plains) and Bassa (low plains). It is bordered by Canton Ticino and Canton Graubünden of Switzerland to the north, and by the Italian regions of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and Veneto to the east, Emilia-Romagna to the south and Piedmont to the west. Lombardy has a surface area of 23,861 km 2 (9,213 sq mi), and is the fourth-largest region of Italy. The term was also used until around 965 in the form Λογγοβαρδία ( Longobardia) as the name for the territory roughly covering modern Apulia, which the Byzantines had recovered from the Lombard rump state Duchy of Benevento. As such, "Lombardy" and "Italy" were almost interchangeable by the mid-8th century, the Lombards ruled everywhere except the Papal possessions around Rome-roughly modern Lazio and northern Umbria- Venice and some Byzantine possessions in the south-southern Apulia and Calabria some coastal settlements including Amalfi, Gaeta, Naples and Sorrento Sicily and Sardinia their culture is foundational to Italy in the Middle Ages. During the Early Middle Ages, "Lombardy" referred to the Kingdom of the Lombards ( Latin: Regnum Langobardorum), which was ruled by the Germanic Lombard raiders who had controlled most of early Christian Italy since their invasion of Byzantine Italy in CE 568 until the fall of Pavia on the river Ticino, in CE 774 by the Frankish Charlemagne on the Pope's behalf. The name of the region derives from the name of the people of the Lombards who arrived in Italy in 568 and made Pavia their capital. According to some scholars, the second element derives from Proto-Germanic *bardǭ, *barduz ("axe"), related to German Barte, or the whole word comes from the Proto-Albanian * Lum bardhi "white river" (Compare modern Albanian lum i bardhë). The name Lombardy comes from Lombard, which is derived from Late Latin Longobardus, Langobardus ("a Lombard"), which derived from the Proto-Germanic elements * langaz + * bardaz equivalent to long beard. Virgil, Pliny the Elder, Ambrose, Gerolamo Cardano, Caravaggio, Claudio Monteverdi, Antonio Stradivari, Cesare Beccaria, Alessandro Volta and Alessandro Manzoni and popes John XXIII and Paul VI originated in the area of modern-day Lombardy region. Of the fifty-eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Italy, eleven are in Lombardy. The Lombardy region is located between the Alps mountain range and tributaries of the river Po, and includes Milan, the largest metropolitan area in the country, and among the largest in the European Union (EU). Over a fifth of the Italian gross domestic product (GDP) is produced in the region. Lombardy ( Italian: Lombardia Lombard: Lombardia) is an administrative region of Italy that covers 23,844 km 2 (9,206 sq mi) it is located in the northern-central part of the country and has a population of about 10 million people, constituting more than one-sixth of Italy's population. Italian: lombardo (man), lombarda (woman) ![]()
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